HIF-1 is involved in metabolic reprogramming and inflammatory response induced by D-lactate in bovine synoviocytes and neutrophils
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Quiroga Ardiles, John AndrésAbstract
Cattle develop laminitis and aseptic polysynovitis as consequences of acute ruminal acidosis (ARA), both being acute inflammatory processes that cause claudication and lameness. During ARA events, D-lactate reaches levels greater than 5 mM in synovial fluid, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiology of aseptic polysynovitis. Along with inflammatory alterations, the synovial fluid of these animals also shows several metabolic disturbances,...
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Cattle develop laminitis and aseptic polysynovitis as consequences of acute ruminal acidosis (ARA), both being acute inflammatory processes that cause claudication and lameness. During ARA events, D-lactate reaches levels greater than 5 mM in synovial fluid, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiology of aseptic polysynovitis. Along with inflammatory alterations, the synovial fluid of these animals also shows several metabolic disturbances, mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism, including alterations in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism and pyruvate metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) exerts a strong regulation on glycolysis and could be involved in the development of ARA-associated aseptic polysynovitis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of HIF-1 in the inflammatory and metabolic alterations induced by D-lactate in bovine synoviocytes and neutrophils, the main cellular effectors of aseptic polysynovitis. D-lactate triggered the production of IL-6, IL-8 and PGE2 in synoviocytes, as well as neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation in neutrophils. Along with these inflammatory responses, D-lactate induced changes in metabolism of both cells, mainly associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism and galactose metabolism. In agreement with these metabolic alterations, D-lactate increased the mRNA expression of L-LDHA, PDK-1, GYS-1 and PYGL in both cells, although Glut-1 expression was only induced in synoviocytes. Furthermore, intracellular glycogen levels in neutrophils were higher under hypoxia and fell dramatically after D-lactate exposure. D-lactate treatment induced the protein accumulation of HIF-1α in synoviocytes and neutrophils under normoxic conditions, although it did not depend on its higher gene expression in neutrophils. HIF-1 regulated the overexpression of Glut-1, PDK-1 and L-LDHA induced by D-lactate in both cells, but only participated in GYS-1 and PYGL expression under hypoxia. In addition, the NET formation in neutrophils and IL-6 production in synoviocytes after D-lactate exposure were inflammatory responses regulated by HIF-1. D-lactate also induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β (Serine 9). PI3K/Akt axis was essential for HIF-1α accumulation in synoviocytes and neutrophils, also exerting a strong regulation in the metabolic enzymes expression and the inflammatory responses evaluated. On the other hand, GSK-3β only regulated the HIF-1α accumulation in synoviocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β did not decrease the production of IL-6, IL-8 and PGE2, as well as the expression of Glut-1 and PDK-1 induced by D-lactate in synoviocytes, although it did reduce the expression of L-LDHA. In contrast, both NETosis and mRNA expression of Glut-1, PDK-1, L-LDHA, GYS-1 and PYGL were dependent on GSK-3β in neutrophils exposed to D-lactate. These results suggest the involvement of HIF-1 in the metabolic and inflammatory alterations triggered by D-lactate in bovine synoviocytes and neutrophils, which would be key in pathophysiology of ARA-associated polysynovitis and show a close relationship between inflammation and metabolism.
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Date de publicación
2021Academic guide
Burgos Aguilera, Rafael Agustín
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