Synthesis and solubility measurement in supercritical carbon dioxide of two solid derivatives of 2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione (menadione): 2-(Benzylamino)-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione and 3-(phenethylamino)-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione

Abstract

Synthesis of two solid derivatives of vitamin K-3 (2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione or menadione), 2-(ben zylamino)-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione and 3-(phenethylamino)-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione was completed using a 1,4 Michael addition reaction at 323 K in an inert atmosphere, with reaction yields of 62% mol.mol(-1) and 71% mol.mol(-1), respectively, and a purity grade of 98% mol.mol(-1) for each component. Isothermal solubility (mole fraction) of each solid derivative in supercritical carbon dioxide was performed using an analytic-recirculation methodology, with direct determination of the molar composition of the carbon dioxide-rich phase by using high performance liquid chromatography, at temperatures of (313, 323 and 333) K and pressures from (8-28) MPa. Results indicated that the range of measured solubilities were from (59 x 10(-6) to 368 x 10(-6)) mol.mol(-1) for solid 2-(benzylamino)-3-met hylnaphthalene-1,4-dione and from (40 x 10(-6) to 205 x 10(-6)) mol.mol(-1) for solid 3-(phenethyla mino)-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione. The experimental solubility was validated using three approaches, estimating the combined expanded uncertainty of measurement for each solubility data point, evaluating the thermodynamic consistency of the data utilizing a test based on the Gibbs-Duhem equation, and verifying the self-consistency by correlating the experimental solubility values with a semi-empirical model as a function of temperature, pressure and pure carbon dioxide density. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.